Compare Arctic Ocean (2007) - San Marino (2005)

Compare Arctic Ocean (2007) z San Marino (2005)

	Arctic Ocean (2007)	San Marino (2005)

Administrative divisions	-	9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 16.7% (male 2,482/female 2,328) 15-64 years: 66.5% (male 9,255/female 9,943) 65 years and over: 16.9% (male 2,106/female 2,766) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides
Airports	-	none (2004 est.)
Area	total: 14.056 million sq km note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies	total: 61.2 sq km land: 61.2 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.	The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marino in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.
Birth rate	-	10.18 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $400 million expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Capital	-	San Marino
Climate	polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow	Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Coastline	45,389 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	-	8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Country name	-	conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino
Death rate	-	8.07 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	-	$NA
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	San Marino does not have an embassy in the US honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC and New York honorary consulate(s): Detroit and Honolulu
Disputes - international	some maritime disputes (see littoral states)	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$NA
Economy - overview	Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.	The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m highest point: sea level 0 m	lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 755 m
Environment - current issues	endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack	NA
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Ethnic groups	-	Sammarinese, Italian
Exchange rates	-	euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Claudio MUCCIOLI and Captain Regent Antonello BACCIOCHI (for the period 1 October 2005 - 31 March 2006) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fabio BERARDI (15 December 2003) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 2005 (next to be held March 2006); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 13 December 2003 (next to be held June 2006 when general elections are scheduled) election results: Claudio MUCCIOLI and Antonello BACCIOCHI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fabio BERARDI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA% note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister
Exports	-	trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Exports - commodities	-	building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	-	two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $34,600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	7.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	90 00 N, 0 00 E	43 46 N, 12 25 E
Geography - note	major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months	landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
Highways	-	total: 220 km paved: 220 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	-	trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Imports - commodities	-	wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Independence	-	3 September 301
Industrial production growth rate	-	6% (1997 est.)
Industries	-	tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 5.73 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.16 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	3.3% (2001)
International organization participation	-	CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO
Irrigated land	-	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Labor force	-	18,500 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture 1%, industry 42%, services 57% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	-	total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km
Land use	-	arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 0% other: 83.33% (2001)
Languages	-	Italian
Legal system	-	based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 81.62 years male: 78.13 years female: 85.43 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.)
Location	body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle	Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references	Arctic Region	Europe
Maritime claims	-	none (landlocked)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Italy
Military branches	-	Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar); note - performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$700,000 (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	NA
National holiday	-	Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301)
Nationality	-	noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese
Natural hazards	ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May	NA
Natural resources	sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)	building stone
Net migration rate	-	10.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	-	28,880 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	1.3% (2005 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	-	Roman Catholic
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	-	general assessment: adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network
Telephones - main lines in use	-	20,600 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	16,800 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	-	1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Terrain	central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)	rugged mountains
Total fertility rate	-	1.33 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Transportation - note	sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways	-
Unemployment rate	-	2.6% (2001)

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